毛主席语录
QUOTATIONS FROM CHAIRMAN MAO TSE-TUNG
全世界无产者,联合起来
WORKERS OF ALL COUNTRIES,UNITE!
一、共产党
YHE COMMUNIST PARTY
领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党。
指导我们思想的理论基础是马克思列宁主义。
中华人民共和国第一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议开幕词（一1954年9月15日），1954年9月16日《人民日报》
The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party.
The theoretical basis guiding our thinking is Marxism-Leninism.
Opening address at the First Session of the First National,People's Congress of the People's Republic of China(September 15,1954).
既要革命，就要有一个革命党。没有一个革命的党，没有一个按照马克思列宁主义的革命理论和革命风格建立起来的革命党，就不可能领导工人阶级和广大人民群众战胜帝国主义及其走狗。
《全世界革命力量团结起来，反对帝国主义的侵略》（1948年11月），《毛泽东选集》第四卷第1360页
If there is to be revolution,there must be a revolutionary party.Without a revolutionary party,without a party built on the Marxist-Leninist revolutionary theory and in the Marxist-Leninist revolutionary style,it is impossible to lead the working class and the broad masses of the people in defeating imperialism and its running dogs.
"Revolutionary Forces of the World Unite,Fight Against Imperialist Aggression!"(November 1948),Selected Works,Vol.IV,P.284.*
没有中国共产党的努力，没有中国共产党人做中国人民的中流砥柱，中国的独立和解放是不可能的，中国的工业化和农业近代化也是不可能的。
《论联合政府》（1945年4月24日），《毛泽东选集》第3卷第1098——1099页
Without the efforts of the Chinese Communist Party,without the Chinese Communists as the mainstay of the Chinese people,China can never achieve independence and liberation,or industrialization and the modernization of her agriculture.
"On Coalition Government"(April 24,1945),Selected Works,Vol.Ⅲ,p,318."
中国共产党是全中国人民的领导核心。没有这样一个核心，社会主义事业就不能胜利。
在接见出席中国新民主主义青年团第三次全国代表大会的全体代表时的讲话（1957年5月25日），《新华半月刊》1957年第12号第57页
The Chinese Communist Party is the core of leadership of the whole Chinese people.Without this core,the cause of socialism cannot be victorious.
Talk at the general reception for the delegates to the Third National Congress of the New-Democratic Youth League of China(May 25,1957).
一个有纪律的，有马克思列宁主义的理论武装的，采取自我批评方法的，联系人民群众的党。一个由这样的党领导的军队。一个由这样的党领导的各革命阶级各革命派别的统一战线。这三件是我们战胜敌人的主要武器。
《论人民民主专政》（1949年6月30日），《毛泽东选集》第4卷第1484页
A Well-disciplined Party armed with the theory of Marxism-Leninism,using the method of self-criticism and linked with the masses of the people;an army under the leadership of such a Party;a united front of all revolutionary classes and all revolutionary groups under the leadership of such a Party-these are the three main weapons with which we have defeated the enemy.
"On the People's Democratic Dictatorship"(June 30,1949),Selected Works,Vol,IV,p.422
我们应当相信群众，我们应当相信党，这是两条根本的原理。如果怀疑这两条原理，那就什么事情也做不成了。
《关于农业合作化问题》（1955年7月30日），人民出版社版第9页
We must have faith in the masses and we must have faith in the Party.these are two cardinal principles. If we doubt these principles,we shall accomplish nothing.
On the Question of Agricultural Co-operation (July 31,1955),3rd ed.p.7
以马克思列宁主义的理论思想武装起来的中国共产党，在中国人民中产生了新的工作作风，这主要的就是理论和实践相结合的作风，和人民群众紧密地联系在一起的作风以及自我批评的作风。
《论联合政府》（1945年4月24日），《毛泽东选集》第3卷第1094——1095页
Armed with Marxist-Leninist theory and ideology,the Communist Party of China has brought a new style of work which essentially entails integrating theory with practice, forging close links with the masses and practising self-criticism.
"On Coalition Government"(April 24,1945),Selected Works,Vol,Ⅲ,p.314.
指导一个伟大的革命运动的政党，如果没有革命理论，没有历史知识，没有对于实际运动的深刻的了解，要取得胜利是不可能的。
《中国共产党在民族战争中的地位》（1938年10月），《毛泽东选集》第2卷第521页
No political party can possibly lead a great revolutionary movement to victory unless it possesses revolutionary theory and a knowledge of history and has a profound grasp of the practical movement.
"The Role of the Chinese Communist Party in the National War"(October 1938),Selected Works,Vol,Ⅱ，p.208
我们过去说过，整风运动是一个“普遍的马克思主义的教育运动”。整风就是全党通过批评和自我批评来学习马克思主义。在整风中间，我们一定可以更多地学到一些马克思主义。
《在中国共产党全国宣传工作会议上的讲话》（1957年3月12日），人民出版社版第11页
As we used to say,the rectification movement is"a widespread movement of Marxist education". Recification means the whole Party studying Marxism through criticism and self-criticism. We can certainly learn more about Marxism in the course of the rectification movement.
Speech at the Chinese Communist Party's National Conference on Propaganda Work (March 12,1957),1st pocket ed.p.14
要使几亿人口的中国人生活得好，要把我们这个经济落后、文化落后的国家，建设成为富裕的、强盛的、具有高度文化的国家，这是一个很艰巨的任务。我们所以要整风，现在要整风，将来还要整风，要不断地把我们身上的错误东西整掉，就是为了使我们能够更好地担负起这项任务，更好地同党外的一切立志改革的志士仁人共同工作。
《在中国共产党全国宣传工作会议上的讲话》（1957年3月12日），人民出版社第12页
It is an arduous task to ensure a better life for the several hundred million people of China and to build our economically and culturally backward country into a prosperous and powerful one with a high level of culture.And it is precisely in order to be able to shoulder this task more competently and work better together with all non-Party people who are actuated by high ideals and determined to institute reforms that we must conduct rectification movement both now and in the future,and constantly rid ourselves of whatever is wrong.
Ibid,pp.15-16
政策是革命政党一切实际行动的出发点，并且表现于行动的过程和归宿。一个革命政党的任何行动都是实行政策。不是实行正确的政策，就是实行错误的政策；不是自觉地，就是盲目地实行某种政策。所谓经验，就是实行政策的过程和归宿。政策必须在人民实践中，也就是经验中，才能证明其正确与否，才能确定其正确和错误的程度。但是，人们的实践，特别是革命政党和革命群众的实践，没有不同这种或那种政策相联系的。因此，在每一行动之前，必须向党员和群众讲明我们按情况规定的政策。否则，党员和群众就会脱离我们政策的领导而盲目行动，执行错误的政策。
《关于工商业政策》（1948年2月27日），《毛泽东选集》第4卷第1284页
Policy is the starting-point of all the practical actions of a revolutionary party and manifests itself in the process and the end-result of that party's actions. A revolutionary party is carrying out a policy whenever it takes any action.If it is not carrying out a correct policy,it is doing so blindly,What we call experience is the process and the end-result of carrying out a plicy.Only through the practice of the people.that is,through experience,can we verify whether a policy is correct or wrong and determine to what extent it is correct or wrong.But people's practice,especially the practice of a revolutionary party and the revolutionary masses,cannot but be bound up with one policy or another.Therefore,before any action is taken,we must explain the policy,which we have formulated in the light of the given circumstances,to Party members and to the masses,Otherwise,Party members and the masses will depart from the guidance of our policy,act blindly and carry out a wrong policy.
"On the policy Concerning Industry and Commerce"(February 27,1948),Selected Works.Vol,IV,pp.204-05.
我党规定了中国革命的总路线和总政策，又规定了各项具体的工作路线和各项具体的政策。但是，许多同志往往记住了我党的具体的各别的工作路线和政策，忘记了我党的总路线和总政策。而如果真正忘记了我党的总路线和总政策，我们就将是一个盲目的不完全的不清醒的革命者，在我们执行具体工作路线和具体政策的时候，就会迷失方向，就会左右摇摆，就会贻误我们的工作。
《在晋绥干部会议上的讲话》（1948年4月1日），《毛泽东选集》第4卷第1314页
Our Party has laid down the general line and general policy of the Chinese revolution as well as various specific lines for work and specific policies.However,while many comrades remember our Party's specific lines for work and specific policies,they often forget its general line and general policy.If we actually forget the Party's general line and general policy,then we shall be blind,half-baked,muddle-headed revo-lutionaried,and when we carry out a specific line for work and a specific policy,we shall lose our bearings and vacillate now to the left and now to the right,and the work will suffer.
"Speech at a Conference of Cadres in the Shansi-Suiyuan Liberated Area"(April 1,1948).Selected Works.Vol IV,p.238
政策和策略是党的生命，各级领导同志务必充分注意，万万不可粗心大意。
《关于情况的通知》（1948年3月20日），《毛泽东选集》第4卷第1296页
Policy and tactics are the life of the Party;leading comrades at all levels must give them full attention and must never on any account be regligent.
"A Circular on the Situation"(March 20,1948),Selected Works,Vol,IV,p,220
二、阶级和阶级斗争
CLASSES AND CLASS STRUGGLE
阶级斗争，一些阶级胜利了，一些阶级消灭了。这就是历史，这就是几千年的文明史。拿这个观点解释历史的就叫做历史的唯物主义，站在这个观点的反面的是历史的唯心主义。
《丢掉幻想，准备斗争》（1949年8月14日），《毛泽东选集》第4卷第1491页
Classes struggle,some classes triumph,others are eliminated.Such is history,such is the history of civilization for thousands of years.To interpret history form this viewpoint is historical materialism;standing in opposition to this viewpoint is historical idealism.
"Cast Away Illusions,Prepare for Struggle"(August 14,1949),Selected Works,Vol,IV,p.428
在阶级社会中，每一个人都在一定的阶级地位中生活，各种思想无不打上阶级的烙印。
《实践论》（1937年7月），《毛泽东选集》第1卷第272页
In class society everyone lives as a member of a particular class,and every kind of thinking,without exception,is stamped with the brand of a class.
"On oractuce"(July 1937),Selected Works,Vol,I,p,296
社会的变化，主要地是由于社会内部矛盾的发展，即生产力和生产关系的矛盾，阶级之间的矛盾，新旧之间的矛盾，由于这些矛盾的发展，推动了社会的前进，推动了新旧社会的代谢。
《矛盾论》（1937年8月），《毛泽东选集》第1卷第290页
Changes in society are due chiefly to the development of the internal contradictions between the productive forces and the relations of production,the contradiction that pushes society forward and gives the impetus for the supersession of the old society by the nwe.
"On Contradiction"(August 1937),Selected Works,Vol,I,p.314
地主阶级对于农民的残酷的经济剥削和政治压迫，迫使农民多次地举行起义，以反抗地主阶级的统治。……在中国封建社会里，只有这种农民的阶级斗争、农民的起义和农民的战争，才是历史发展的真正动力。
《中国革命和中国共产党》（1939年12月），《毛泽东选集》第2卷第619页
The ruthless economic exploitation and political oppression of the peasants by the landlord class forced them into numerous up-risings against its rule......It was the class struggles of the peasants,the peasant uprisings and peasant wars that constituted the real motive force of historical development in Chinese feudal society.
"The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party"(December 1939),Selected Works,Vol,II,p.308
民族斗争，说到底，是一个阶级斗争问题。在美国压迫黑人的，只是白色人种中的反动统治集团。他们绝不能代表白色人种占绝大多数的工人、农民、革命的知识分子和其他开明人士。
《支持美国黑人反对美帝国主义种族歧视的正义斗争的声明》（1963年8月8日），《全世界人民团结起来打败美国侵略者及其一切走狗》人民出版社第4页
In the final analysis,national struggle is a matter of class struggle,Among the whites in the United States it is only the reactionary ruling circles who oppress the black people.They can in noway represent the workers,farmers,revolutionary intellectuals and other enlightened persons who comprise the over-whelming majority of the white people.
"Statement Supporting the American Negroes in Their Just Struggle Against Racial Discrimination by U.S.Imperi-alism"(August 8,1963),People of the World,Unite and Defeat the U.S Aggressors and All Their Lackeys,2nd ed pp,3-4
人民靠我们去组织。中国的反动分子，靠我们组织起人民去把他打倒。凡是反动的东西，你不打，他就不倒。这也和扫地一样，扫帚不到，灰尘照例不会自己跑掉。
《抗日战争胜利后的时局和我们的方针》（1945年8月13日），《毛泽东选集》第4卷第1131页
It is up to us to organize the people.As for the reactionaries in China,it is up to us to organize the people to overthrow them.Everything reactionary is the same;if you don't hit it,it won't fall.This is also like sweeping the floor;as a rule,where the broom does not reach,the dust will not vanish of itself.
"The Situation and Our Policy After the Victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan"(August 13,1945),Selected Works,Vol,IV,p.19
敌人是不会自行消灭的。无论是中国的反动派，或是美国帝国主义在中国的侵略势力，都不会自行退出历史舞台。
《将革命进行到底》（1948年12月30日），《毛泽东选集》第4卷第1379页
The enemy will not perish of himself.Neither the Chinese reactionaries nor the aggressive forces of U.S imperialism in China will step down from the stage of history of their own accord.
"Carry the Revolution Through to the End"(December 30,1948),Selected Works,Vol,IV,p,301
革命不是请客吃饭，不是作文章，不是绘画绣花，不能那样雅致，那样从容不迫，文质彬彬，那样温良恭俭让。革命是暴动，是一个阶级推翻一个阶级的暴烈的行动。
《湖南农民运动考察报告》（1927年3月），《毛泽东选集》第1卷第18页
A revolution is not a dinner party,or writing an essay,or painting a picture,or doing embroidery;it cannot be so refined,so leisurely and gentle,so temperate,king,courteous,restrained and magnanimous.A revolution is an in-surrection,an act of violence by which one class overthrows another.
"Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement is Hunan"(March 1927),Selected Works,Vol,I,p,28.
蒋介石对于人民是寸权必夺，寸利必得。我们呢？我们的方针是针锋相对，寸土必争。我们是按照蒋介石的办法办事。蒋介石总是要强迫人民接受战争，他左手拿着刀，右手也拿着刀。我们就按照他的办法，也拿着刀来。……现在蒋介石已经在磨刀了，因此，我们也要磨刀。
《抗日战争胜利后的时局和我们的方针》（1945年8月13日），《毛泽东选集》第4卷第1126--1127页
Chiang Kai-shek always tries to wrest every ounce of power and every ounce of gain from the people.And we Our policy is to give him tit for tat and to fight for every inch of land.We act after his fashion.He always tries to impose war on the people,one sword in his left hand and another in his right.We take up swords,too,following his example,...As Chiang Kai-shek is now sharpening his swords,we must sharpen ours too.
"The Situation and Our Policy After the Victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan"(August 13,1945),Selected Works,Vol,IV,pp.14-15
谁是我们的敌人？谁是我们的朋友？这个问题是革命的首要问题。中国过去一切革命斗争成效甚少，其基本原因就是因为不能团结真正的朋友，以攻击真正的敌人。革命党是群众的向导，在革命中未有革命党领错了路而革命不失败的。我们的革命要有不领错路和一定成功的把握，不可不注意团结我们的真正的朋友，以攻击我们的真正的敌人。我们要分辨真正的敌友，不可不将中国社会各阶级的经济地位及其对于革命的态度,作一个大概的分析。
《中国社会各阶级的分析》（1926年3月），《毛泽东选集》第1卷第3页
Who are our enemies?Who are our friends?This is a question of the first importance for the revolution.The basic reason why all previous revolutionary struggles in China achieved so little was their failure to unite with real friends in order to attack real enemies.A revolutionary ever succeeds when the revolutionary party leads them astray.To ensure that we will definitely achieve success in our revolution and will not lead the massess astray,we must pay attention to uniting with our real enemies.To distinguish real friends from real enemies,we must make a general analysis of the economic status of the various classes in Chinese society and of their respective attitudes towards the revolution.
"Analysis of the Classes in Chinese Society"(March 1926),Selected Works,Vol,I,p,13
一切勾结帝国主义的军阀、官僚、买办阶级、大地主阶级以及附属于他们的一部分反动知识界，是我们的敌人。工业无产阶级是我们革命的领导力量。一切半无产阶级、小资产阶级，是我们最接近的朋友。那动摇不定的中产阶级，其右翼可能是我们的敌人，其左翼可能是我们的朋友——但我们要时常提防他们,不要让他们扰乱了我们的阵线。
《中国社会各阶级的分析》（1926年3月），《毛泽东选集》第1卷第8——9页
Our enemies are all those in league with imperialism-the warlords.the bu-reaucrats,the comprador class,the big landlord class and the reactionary section of the intelligentsia attached to them.The leading force in our revolution is the industrial proletariat.Our closest friends are the entire semi-proletariat and petty bourgeoisie.As for the vacillating middle bourgeoisie,their rightwing may become our enerny and their left-wing may.become our friend-but we must be constantly on our guard and not let them create confusion within our ranks.
Ibid.p,19
什么人站在革命人民方面，他就是革命派，什么人站在帝国主义封建主义官僚资本主义方面，他就是反革命派。什么人只是口头上站在革命人民方面而在行动上则另是一样，他就是一个口头革命派，如果不但在口头上而且在行动上也站在革命人民方面，他就是一个完全的革命派。
在中国人民政治协商会议第一届全国委员会第二次会议上的闭幕词（1950年6月23日），1950年6月24日《人民日报》
Whoever sides with the revolutionary people is a revolutionary.Whoever sides with imperialism,feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism is a counter-revolutionary.Whoever sides with the revolutionary people in words only but acts other wise is a revolutionary in speech.Whoeversides with the revolutionary people in deed as well as in word is a revolutionary in the full sense.
Closing speech at the Second Session of the First National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference(June 23.1950)
我认为，对我们来说，一个人，一个党，一个军队，或者一个学校，如若不被敌人反对，那就不好了，那一定是同敌人同流合污了。如若被敌人反对，那就好了，那就证明我们同敌人划清界线了。如若敌人起劲地反对我们，把我们说得一塌糊涂，一无是处，那就更好了，那就证明我们不但同敌人划清界线，而且证明我们的工作是很有成绩的了。
《被敌人反对是好事而不是坏事》（1939年5月26日），人民出版社第2页
I hold that it is bad as far as we are concerned if a person,a political party,an army in that case it would definitely mean that we have sunk to the level of the enemy.It is good if we are attacked by the enemy since it prores that we have drawn a clear line of demarcation between the enemy and ouselves.It is still better if the enemy attacks us wildly and paints us as utterly black and without a single virtue;it demonsrtrates that we have not only drawn a clear line of demarcation between the enemy and ourselves but achieved a great deal in our work.
To Be Attacked by the Enemy Is Not a Bad Thing but a Good Thing(May 26,1939),!st pocket ed p.2
凡是敌人反对的，我们就要拥护；凡是敌人拥护的，我们就要反对。
《和中央社、扫荡报、新民报三记者的谈话》（1939年9月16日），《毛泽东选集》第2卷第580页
We should support whatever the enemy opposes and oppose whatever the enemy supports.
"Interview with Thress Correspondents from the Central News Agency,the Sao Tang Pao and the Hsin Min Pao"(September 16,1939),Selected Works Vol II P 272
我们是站在无产阶级的和人民大众的立场。对于共产党员来说，也就是要站在党的立场，站在党性和党的政策的立场。
《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》（1942年5月），《毛泽东选集》第3卷第850页
Our stand is that of the proletariat and of the masses.For members of the Communist Party,this means keeping to the stand of the Party,keeping to Party spirit and Party policy.
"Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art"(May 1942),Selected Works.Vol,III p.70
在拿枪的敌人被消灭以后，不拿枪的敌人依然存在，他们必然地要和我们作拼死的斗争，我们决不可以轻视这些敌人。如果我们现在不是这样地提出问题和认识问题，我们就要犯极大的错误。
《在中国共产党第七届中央委员会第二次全体会议上的报告》（1949年3月5日），《毛泽东选集》第4卷第1428页
After the enemies with guns have been wiped out ,there will still be enemies without guns;they are bound to struggle desperately against us,and we must never regard these enemies lightly.If we do not now raise and understand the problem in this way,we shall commit the gravest mistakes.
"Report to the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China"(March 5,1949),Selected Works,Vol IV p.364
帝国主义者和国内反动派决不甘心于他们的失败，他们还要作最后的挣扎。在全国平定以后，他们也还会以各种方式从事破坏的捣乱，他们将每日每时企图在中国复辟。这是必然的，毫无疑义的，我们务必不要松懈自己的警惕性。
在中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议上的开幕词（1949年9月21日），1949年9月22日《人民日报》
The imperialists and domestic reactionaries will certainly not take their defeatlying down and they will struggle to the last ditch.After there is peace and order throughout the country,they will still engage in sabotage and create distur-bances in various ways and will try every day and every minute to stage a comeback.This is inevitable and beyond all doubt,and under no circumstances must we relax our vigilance.
Opening address at the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(September 21,1949)
在我国，虽然社会主义改造，在所有制方面说来，已经基本完成，革命时期的大规模的急风暴雨式的群众阶级斗争已经基本结束，但是，被推翻的地主买办阶级的残余还是存在，资产阶级还是存在，小资产阶级刚刚在改造。阶级斗争并没有结束。无产阶级和资产阶级之间的阶级斗争，各派政治力量之间的阶级斗争，无产阶级和资产阶级之间在意识形态方面的阶级斗争，还是长时期的，曲折的，有时甚至是很激烈的。无产阶级要按照自己的世界观改造世界。资产阶级也要按照自己的世界观改造世界。在这一方面，社会主义和资本主义之间谁胜谁负的问题还没有真正解决。
《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》（1957年2月27日）人民出版社版第26——27页
In China,although in the main socialist transformation has been completed with respect to the system of ownership,and although the large-scale of turbulent class struggles of the masses characteristic of the previous revolutionary periods have in the main come to an end,there are still remnants of the overthrown landlord and comprador classes,there is still a bourgeoisie,and the remoulding of the petty bourgeoisie has only just started.The class struggle is by no means over.The class struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie,the class struggle between the different political forces,and the class struggle in the ideological field between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie will continue to be long and tortuous and at times will even become very acute.The proletariat seeks to transform the world according to its own world outlook,and so does the bourgeoisie.In this respect,the question of which will win out,socialism or capitalism,is still not really settled.
On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People(February 27,1957),1st pocket ed,pp.51-52
我国社会主义和资本主义之间在意识形态方面的谁胜谁负的斗争，还需要一个相当长的时间才能解决。这是因为资产阶级和从旧社会来的知识分子的影响还要在我国长期存在，作为阶级的意识形态，还要在我国长期存在。如果对于这种形势认识不足，或者根本不认识，那就要犯绝大的错误，就会忽视必要的思想斗争。
《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》（1957年2月27日），人民出版社版第27页
It will take a fairly long period of time to decide the issue in the ideological struggle between socialism and capitalism in our country.The reason is that the influence of the bourgeoisie and of the intellectuals who come from the old society will remain in our country for a long time to come,and so will their class ideology.If this is not sufficiently understood,or is not understood at all,the gravest mistakes will be made and the necessity of waging the struggle in the ideological field will be ignored.
Ibid pp.52-53
在我国，资产阶级和小资产阶级的思想，反马克思主义的思想，还会长期存在。社会主义制度在我国已经基本建立。我们已经在生产资料所有制的改造方面，取得了基本胜利，但是在政治战线和思想战线方面，我们还没有完全取得胜利。无产阶级和资产阶级之间在意识形态方面的谁胜谁负问题，还没有真正解决。我们同资产阶级和小资产阶级的思想还要进行长期的斗争。不了解这种情况，放弃思想斗争，那就是错误的。凡是错误的思想，凡是毒草，凡是牛鬼蛇神，都应该进行批判，决不能让它们自由泛滥。但是，这种批判，应该是充分说理的，有分析的，有说服力的，而不应该是粗暴的、官僚主义的，或者是形而上学的，教条主义的。
《在中国共产党全国宣传工作会议上的讲话》（1957年3月12日），人民出版社版第19——20页
In our country bourgeois and petty-bourgeois ideology,anti-Marxist ideology,will continue to exist for a long time.Basi-cally,the socialist system has been estab-lished in our country.We have won the basic victory in transforming the ownership of the means of production,but we have not yet won complete victory on the political and ideological fronts.In the ideological field,the question of who will win in the struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie has not been really settled yet.We still have to wage a protracted struggle against bourgeois and petty-bourgeois ideology It is wrong not the understand this and to give up ideological struggle.All erroneous ideas,all poisonous weeds,all ghosts and monsters,must be subjected to criticism;in no circumstance should they be allowed to spread unchecked.However,the criticism should be fully reasoned,analytical and convincing,and not rough,bureaucratic,metaphysical or dogmatic.
Speech at the Chinese Communist Party's National Conference on propaganda Work (March 12,1957) 1st pocket ed pp.26-27
教条主义和修正主义都是违反马克思主义的。马克思主义一定要向前发展，要随着实践的发展阶段而发展，不能停滞不前。停止了，老是那么一套，它就没有生命了。但是，马克思主义的基本原则又是不能违背的，违背了就要犯错误。用形而上学的观点来看待马克思主义，把它看成僵死的东西，这是教条主义。否定马克思主义的基本原则，否定马克思主义的普遍趔，这就是修正主义。修正主义是一种资产阶级思想。修正主义者抹杀社会主义和资产主义的区别，抹杀无产阶级专政和资产阶级专政的区别。他们所主张的，在实际上并不是社会主义路线，而是资本主义路线。在现在的情况下，修正主义是比教条主义更有害的东西。我们现在思想战线上的一个重要任务，就是要开展对于修正主义的批判。
《在中国共产党全国宣传工作会议上的讲话》（1957年3月12日），人民出版社版第20——21页
Both dogmatism and revisionism runcounter to Marxism.Marxism must certainly advance:it must develop along with the development of practice and cannot stand still.It would become lifeless if it remained stagnant and stereotyped.How-ever,the basic principles of Marxism must never be violated,or otherwise mistakes will be made.It is dogmatism to approach Marxism from a metaphysical point of view and to regard it as something rigid.It is revisionism to negate the basic principles of Marxism and to negate its universal truth.Revisionism is one form of bourgeois ideology.The revisionists deny the differences between socialism and capitalism,between the dictatorship of the proletariat and the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie.What they advocate is in fact not the socialist line but the capitalist line.In present cir-cumstances,revisionism is more pernicious than dogmatism.One of our current important tasks on the ideological front is to unfold criticism of revisionism.
Ibid pp 27-28
修正主义，或者右倾机会主义，是一种资产阶级思潮，它比教条主义有更大的危险性。修正主义者，右倾机会主义者，口头上也挂着马克思主义，他们也在那里攻击“教条主义”。但是他们所攻击的正是马克思主义的最根本的东西。他们反对或者歪曲唯物论和辩证法，反对或者企图削弱人民民主专政和共产党的领导，反对或者企图削弱社会主义改造和社会主义建设。在我国社会主义革命取得基本胜利以后，社会上还有一部分人梦想恢复资本主义制度，他们要从各个方面向工人阶级进行斗争，包括思想方面的斗争。而在这个斗争中，修正主义者就是他们最好的助手。
《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》（1957年2月27日）人民出版社版第29——30页
Revisionism,or Right opportunism,is a bourgeois trend of thought that is even more dangerous than dogmatism.The revisicnists,the Right opportunists,pay lip-service to Marxism;they too attack"dog-matism".But what they are really attacking is the quintessence of Marxism.They oppose or distort materialism and dialectics,oppose or try to weaken the people's democratic dictatorship and the leading role of the Communist Party,and oppose or try to weaken socialist transformation and socialist construction.After the basic victory of the socialist revolution in our country,There are still a number of people who vainly hope to restore the capitalist system and fight the working class on every front,mincluding the ideological one.And their right-hand men in this struggle are the revisionists.
On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People(February 27,1957),1st pocket ed pp,56-57
三、社会主义和共产主义
3.SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM
共产主义是无产阶级的整个思想体系，同时又是一种新的社会制度。这种思想体系和社会制度，是区别于任何别的思想体系和任何别的社会制度的，是自有人类历史以来，最完全最进步最革命最合理的。封建主义的思想体系和社会制度，是进了历史博物馆的东西了。资本主义的思想体系和社会制度，已有一部分进了博物馆（在苏联）；其余部分，也已“日落西山，气息奄奄，人命危浅，朝不虑夕”，快进博物馆了。惟独共产主义的思想体系和社会制度，正以排山倒海之势，雷霆万钧之力，磅礴于全世界，而葆其美妙之青春。
《新民主民主论》（1940年1月），《毛泽东选集》第2卷第679页
Comrnunism is at once a complete system of proletarian ideology and a new social system.It is different from any other ideo-logical and social system,and is the most complete,progressive,revolutionary and rational system in human history,The ideo-logical and social system of feudalism has a place only in the museun of history.The ideologial and social system of capitalism has also become a museum piece in one part of the world(in the Soviet Union),while in other countries it resembles"a dying person who is sinking fast,like the sun setting beyond the western hills",and will soon be rel-egated to the museun.The communist ideo-logical and social system alone is full of youth and vetalyty,sweeping the world with the momentum of an analanche and the force of a thunderbolt.
"On Nwe Democracy"(January 1940),Selected Works,Vol II,PP.360-61
社会主义制度终究要代替资本主义制度，这是一个不以人们自己的意志为转移的客观规律。不管反动派怎样企图阻止历史车轮的前进，革命或迟或早总会发生，并且将必然取得胜利。
《在苏联最高苏维埃庆祝伟大的十月社会主义革命四十周年会议上的讲话》（1957年11月6日），人民出版社版第5页
The socialist system will eventually replace the capitalist system;this is an objective law independent of man's will. However much the reactionarics try to hold back the wheel of hisrory,sooner or later revolution will take place and will inevitably triumph.
"Speech at the Meeting of the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R in Celebration of the 40th An-niversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution"(November 6,1957).
我们共产党人从来不隐瞒自己的政治主张。我们的将来纲领或最高纲领，是要将中国推进到社会主义社会和共产主义社会去的，这是确定和毫无疑义的。我们的党的名称和我们的马克思主义的宇宙观，明确地指明了这个将来的、无限光明的、无限美妙的最高理想。
《论联合政府》（1945年4月24日），《毛泽东选集》第三卷第1059页
We Communists never conceal our political views,Definitely and beyond all doubt, our future or maximum pro-gramme is to carry China forward to socialism and communism. Both the name of our Party and our Marxist world outlook unequivocally point to this supreme ideal of the future,a future of incomparable brightness and splendour.
"On Coalition Government"(April 24,1945),Selected Works, Voll III,p,282
中国共产党领导的整个中国革命运动，是包括民主主义革命和社会主义革命两个阶段在内的全部革命运动；这是两个性质不同的革命过程，只有完成了前一个革命过程才有可能去完成后一个革命过程。民主主义革命是社会主义革命的必要准备，社会主义革命是民主主义革命的必然趋势。而一切共产主义者的最后目的，则是在于力争社会主义社会和共产主义社会的最后的完成。
《中国革命和中国共产党》（1939年12月），《毛泽东选集》第2卷第646页
Taken as a whole, the Chinese revolutionary movement led by the Communist Party embraces the two stages, i.e.,the democratic and the socialist revolutions, which are two essentially different revolutionary processes, and the second process can be carried through only after the first has been completed.The democratic revolution is the necessary preparation for the socialist revolution, and the so-cialist revolution is the inevitable sequel to the democratic revolution. The ultimate aim for which all communists strive is to bring about a socialist and communist society.
"The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party"(De-cember 1939),Selected Works ,Vol II,pp,330-31."
社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。农业和手工业由个体所有制变为社会主义的集体所有制，私营工商业由资本主义所有制变为社会主义所有制，必然使生产力大大地获得解放。这样就为大大地发展工业和农业的生产创造了社会条件。
在最高国务会议上的讲话（1946年1月25日），1956年1月26日《人民日报》
Socialist revolution aims at liberating the productive forces. The change-over from individual to socialist, Collective ownership in agrirculture and handicrafts and from capitalist to socialist ownership in private industry and commercc is bound to bring about a tremendous liberation of the productive forces. Thus the social conditions are being created for a tremendous expansion of industrial and agricultural production.
Speech at the Supieme State Conference(January 25,1956).
我们现在不但正在进行关于社会制度方面的私有制到公有制的革命，而且正在进行技术方面的由手工业生产到大规模现代化机器生产的革命，而这两种革命是结合在一起的。在农业方面，在我国的条件下（在资本主义国家内是使农业资本主义化），则必须先有合作化，然后才能使用大机器。由此可见，我们对于工业和农业、社会主义的工业化和社会主义的农业改造这样两件事，决不可以分割起来和互相孤立起来去看，决不可以只强调一方面，减弱另一方面。
《关于农业合作化问题》（1955年7月31日），人民出版社版第23——24页
We are now carrying out a revolution not only in the social system,the change from private to public ownership, but also in technology, the change from handicraft to large-scale modern machine production, and the two revolutions are interconnected. In agriculture, with conditions as they are in our country cooperation must precede the use of big machinery(in capitalist countries agreculture develops in a capitalist way). Therefore we must on no account regard indurtry and agriculture,socialist industrialization and the socialist transormation of agriculture as two separate and isolated things, and on no account must we emphasize the one and play down the other.
On the Question of Agricultural Co-operation(July 31,1955),3rd ed.,pp.19-20
新的社会制度还刚刚建立，还需要有一个巩固的时间。不能认为新制度一旦建立起来就完全巩固了，那是不可能的。需要逐步地巩固。要使它最后巩固起来，必须实现国家的社会主义工业化，坚持经济战线上的社会主义革命，还必须在政治战线和思想战线上，进行经常的、艰苦的社会主义革命斗争和社会主义教育。除了这些以外，还要有各种国际条件的配合。
《在中国共产党全国宣传会议上的讲话》（1957年3月12日），人民出版社版第2页
The new social system has only just been established and requires time for its consolidation. It must not be assumed that the nwe system can be completely consolidated the moment it is established, for that is impossible. It has to be consolidated step by step.To achieve its ultimate consolidation,it is necessary not only to bring about the socialist industrialization of the country and persevere in the socialist revolution on the economic front,but to carry on constant and arduous socialist revolutionary struggles and socialist education on the political and ideological fronts.Moreover,various contributory internaional factors are required.
Speech at the Chinese Communist Party's National conference on Propaganda Work(March 12,1957),1st pocket ed,p.2.
在我国，巩固社会主义制度的斗争，社会主义和资本主义谁战胜谁的斗争，还要经过一个很长的历史时期。但是，我们大家都应该看到，这个社会主义的新制度是一定会巩固起来的。我们一定会建设一个子具有现代工业、现代农业和现代科学文化的社会主义国家。
《在中国共产党全国宣传工作会议上的讲话》（1957年3月12日），人民出版社版第2页
In China the struggle to consolidate the socialist system, the struggle to decide wheter socialism or capitalism will prevail, will still the a long historical period.But we should all relize that the new system of socialism will unquestionably be consolidated.We can as suredly build a socialist state with moderm industry,modern agriculture, and modern science and culture.
Ibid,pp.2-3
对于我们的国家抱着敌对情绪的知识分子，是极少数。这种人不喜欢我们这个无产阶级专政的国家，他们留恋旧社会。一遇机会，他们就会兴风作浪，想要推翻共产党，恢复旧中国。这是在无产阶级和资产阶级两条路线、社会主义和资本主义两条路线中间，顽固地要走后一条路线的人。这后一条路线，在实际上是不能实现的，所以他们实际上是准备投降帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义的人。这种人在政治界、工商界、文化教育界、科学技术界、宗教界里都有，这是一些极端反动的人。
《在中国共产党全国宣传工作会议上的讲话》（1957年3月12日），人民出版社版第3页
The number of intellectuals who are hostile to our state is very small.They do not like our state,i.e.,the dictatorship of the proletariat, and yearn for the old society. Whenever there is an opportunity,they will stir up trouble and attempt to overthrow the Communist Party and restore the old China. As between the proletarian and the bourgeois roads, as between the socialist and the capitalist roads, these people stubbornly choose to follow the latter. In fact this road is impossible, and in fact, therefore, they are ready to capitulate to imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism. Such people are to be found in political circles and in industrial and commercial, cultural and educational, scientific and technological and religious circles, and they are extremely reactionary.
Ibid.,pp,3-4
严重的问题是教育农民。农民的经济是分散的，根据苏联的经验，需要很长的时间和细心的工作，才能做到农业社会化。没有农业社会化，就没有全部的巩固的社会主义。
《论人民民主专政》（1949年6月30日），《毛泽东选集》第4卷第1482页
The serious problem is the education of the peasantry.The peasant economy is scattered, and the socialization of agriculture, judging by the Soviet Union's experience, will require a long time and painstaking work. Without socialization of agriculture,there can be no complete, consolidated socialism.
"On the people's Democratic Dictatorship"(June 30,1949),Selected Works,Vol.IV,p.419
我们必须相信：（1）广大农民是愿意在党的领导下逐步地走上社会主义道路的；（2）党是能够领导农民走上社会主义道路的。这两点是事物对本质和主流。
《关于农业合作化问题》（1955年7月31日），人民出版社版第21页
We must have faith first,that the peasant masses are ready to advance step by step along the road of socialism under the leadership of the Party, and second, that the Party is capable of leading the peasants along this road. These two points are the essence of the matter,the main current.
On the Question of Agricultural Co-operation(July 31,1955),3rd ed.,p,18
合作社的领导机关必须建立现有贫农和新下中农在领导机关中的优势，而以老下中农和新老两部分上中农作为辅助力量，才能按照党的政策实现贫农和中农的团结，巩固合作社，发展生产，正确地完成整个农村的社会主义改造。没有这个条件，中农和贫农就不能团结，合作社就不能巩固，生产就不能发展，整个农村的社会主义改造就不能实现。
《长沙县高山乡武塘农业生产合作社是怎样从中农占优势转变为贫农占优势的》一文的按语（1955年），《中国农村的社会主义高潮》中册第857页
The leading bodies in co-operatives must establish the dominant position of the poor peasants and the new lower middle peasants in these bodies, with the old lower middle peasants and the upper middle peas-ants-whether old or new-as the supple-mentary force. Only thus can unity between the poor and middle peasants be attaioned, the co-operatives be consolidated, production be expanded and the socialist transformation of the entire countryside be correctly accom-plished in accordance with the Party's policy.Otherwise, unity between the middle and poor peasants cannot be consolidated,produc-tion cannot be expanded, and the socialist transformation of the entire countryside cannot be achieved.
Introductory note to "How Control of the Wutang Co-operative Shifted from the Middle to the poor peasants"(1955),The Socialist Upsurge in China's Coun-try-side,Chinese ed.,Vol II.
中农是必须团结的，不团结中农是错误的。但是工人阶级和共产党，在农村中，依靠什么人去团结中农，实现整个农村的社会主义改造呢？当然只有贫农。在过去向地主作斗争、实行土地改革的时候是这样，在现在向富农和其他资本主义因素作斗争实行农业的社会主义改造的时候，也是这样。在两个革命时期，中农在开始阶段都是动摇的。等到看清了大势，革命将要胜利的时候，中农才会参加到革全方面来。贫农必须向中农做工作，把中农团结到自己方面来，使革命一天一天地扩大，直到取得最后的胜利。
《福安县发生“中农社”和“贫农社”的教训》一文的按语（1955年）《中国农村的社会主义高潮》中册第701页
It is essential to unite with the middle peasants, and it is wrong not to do so. But on whom must the working class and the Communist Party rely in the country-side in order to unite with the middle peasants and relize the socialist transformation of the entire countryside? Surely on none nother than the poor peasants. That was the case when the struggle against the landlords was being waged and the land reform was being waged and the land reform was being carried out , and that is the case today when the struaggel against the rich peasants and other capitalist elements is being waged to achieve the socialist transformation of agriculture. In both these revolutionary periods, the middle peasants warered in the initial stages. It is only after they clearly see the general trend of events and the approaching triumph of the revolution that the middle peasants will come in on the side of the revolution.The poor peasants must work on the middle peasants and win them over, so that the revolution will broaden from day to day until final victory.
Introductory note to "The Lesson of the 'Middle-Peasant Cooperative' and the ' oor-Peasant Cooperative'in Fuan County"(1953),The Socilalist Upsurge in China's Conuntryside,Chinese ed.,Vol,II |
发表于 2012-3-22 13:37:11